Mountains matters for people and the planet.

This fact sheet  outlines The critical importance of mountains for people and the planet, highlighting that mountains are home to around 1.1 billion people. Covering about 27% of the earth’s land surface, mountains host 25 of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots and mountains supply freshwater to an estimated half of humanity. However, mountains face significant threats and challenges. 

Biodiversity loss, land degradation and pollution severely impact mountain livelihoods and ecosystems. Climate change exacerbates these issues, causing glacier retreat, permafrost thaw and climate-related hazards, which affect water supply in lowland areas. Additionally, one in two rural mountain people in developing countries is vulnerable to food insecurity. The Mountain Partnership is leading global efforts to support the livelihoods of mountain communities and protect their environments. 

Nature-based solutions and ecosystem-based adaptation can help mountain communities build resilience, diversify their livelihoods, and reduce dependencies on unsustainable practices. Investments, training, innovation and digitalization can empower mountain communities, who are the custodians and stewards of these precious resources. 

Founded in 2002, the Mountain Partnership is the only United Nations’ voluntary alliance of members dedicated to mountain peoples and environments. It brings together diverse stakeholder groups, empowering communities and increasing commitment and investment to address the planetary crises affecting mountains, ensuring the social and economic well-being of mountain people, leaving no one behind.

Published by the Mountain Partnership Secretariat of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.